Metabolic & Cardiometabolic
Does intact-cell chickpea flour boost an appetite hormone?
The claim, precisely: cellular chickpea flour increases GLP-1
Strong support Metabolic & Cardiometabolic
RefutedContestedStrong support
consensus score 0.75
Yes — human trials agree, though shown by only a couple of research groups so far.
Evidence ladder
How far up the ladder this claim has climbed. A high consensus on a low rung means "consistent so far," not "proven in people."
Top evidence so far: Human trials (RCT / n-of-1)
MechanismIn-vitroAnimalObservationalRCTMeta-analysis
How the studies fall
3 support 0 contradict 0 tested null 1 mixed · 3 sources, 2 independent groups
What the evidence shows
Cellular chickpea flour raises postprandial GLP-1/PYY — the only genuinely bread-deliverable GLP-1 route at food doses.
The evidence (4)
| Source | Grade | Stance | Quality | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hafiz 2022 · Food Funct | RCT | mixed | moderate | [FT-verified] n=13 chickpea LOWERED GLP-1/C-peptide vs mashed-potato but raised satiety; mixed correct |
| Bajka BH, et al. 2023 · Am J Clin Nutr | RCT | supports | moderate | [FT-verified] Bajka 2023 n=20 DB-crossover 60% CCP bread +3101 pM/min GLP-1 iAUC. Key positive RCT |
| Bajka BH, et al. 2023 · Am J Clin Nutr | RCT | supports | moderate | Cellular chickpea enhanced GLP-1/PYY satiety hormones vs control bread |
| Kanata M, et al. 2025 · (RCT) | RCT | supports | moderate | [FT-verified] Kanata 2025 n=15 only large-particle chickpea raised GLP-1 iAUC; fine-milled did NOT |
Educational only, not medical advice. Grades and scores reflect published evidence weighted by study design and quality; see the methodology.