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Supplements · Metabolic & Cardiometabolic

Do plant sterols lower "bad" cholesterol?

The claim, precisely: phytosterols decreases LDL cholesterol

Strong support Supplements
RefutedContestedStrong support
consensus score 1.00

Yes — about 7-12% at the standard dose, but they need fat to absorb and some people don't respond.

Evidence ladder

How far up the ladder this claim has climbed. A high consensus on a low rung means "consistent so far," not "proven in people."

Top evidence so far: All trials, pooled (Meta-analysis)

MechanismIn-vitroAnimalObservationalRCTMeta-analysis

How the studies fall

3 support 0 contradict 0 tested null 0 mixed · 3 sources, 3 independent groups

What the evidence shows

Plant sterols/stanols lower LDL ~7-12% at ~2 g/d (high-grade, dose-responsive), but need a fat phase to be bioavailable and have a real non-responder fraction — a poor fit for a lean sourdough unless a sterol-bearing fat phase is built in.

The evidence (3)

SourceGradeStanceQualityFinding
Ras RT, et al. (Trautwein)
2014 · Br J Nutr
meta-analysis supports high 0.6-3.3 g/d -> 6-12% LDL drop, plateau ~3 g/d (124 studies); Unilever funding flag
Zhang 2024
2024 · Medicine
meta-analysis supports high phytosterols/stanols significantly lower LDL-C and ApoB
Wang 2024
2024 · Phytother Res
meta-analysis supports high umbrella review: consistent LDL-lowering across meta-analyses

Educational only, not medical advice. Grades and scores reflect published evidence weighted by study design and quality; see the methodology.